4.1 手动遍历迭代器

问题

不使用 for 循环来实现迭代器

解决方案

使用 next() 函数并在代码中捕获 StopIteration 异常。

通常来讲, StopIteration 用来指示迭代的结尾。 然而,你还可以通过返回一个指定值来标记结尾,比如 None

def manual_iter():
    with open('/etc/passwd') as f:
        try:
            while True:
                line = next(f)
                print(line, end='')
        except StopIteration:
            pass
# same
with open('/etc/passwd') as f:
    while True:
        line = next(f, None)
        if line is None:
            break
        print(line, end='')

讨论

下面的交互示例向我们演示了迭代期间所发生的基本细节:

>>> items = [1, 2, 3]
>>> # Get the iterator
>>> it = iter(items) # Invokes items.__iter__()
>>> # Run the iterator
>>> next(it) # Invokes it.__next__()
1
>>> next(it)
2
>>> next(it)
3
>>> next(it)
Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
StopIteration

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